Editorial : COVID-19, a pandemic or not? The Lancet Infectious Diseases March 13 2020

Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation.

Madhav N, Oppenheim B, Gallivan M, Mulembakani P, Rubin E, Wolfe N.

In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, Jha P, Laxminarayan R, Mock CN, Nugent R, editors. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 17. PMID: 30212163 Free Books & Documents

What Is a Pandemic?

Grennan D. JAMA. 2019 Mar 5;321(9):910. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.0700. No abstract available.PMID: 30835310

Black Death – Pestilence – Great Bubonic Plague or Simply Plague – Fourteenth Century Europe Asia – Bacterium Yersinia Pestis

Spanish Flu or Swine Flu of 1918 – Pandemic during World War I

1918 Spanish Flu

Spanish Flu – Ted Talk

Asian Influenza 1957 H2N2 Influenza – Pandemic

The Silent Invader

Vaccine against Asian Influena -promotion

Hong Kong Influenza 1968

As in 1957, a new influenza pandemic arose in Southeast Asia and acquired the sobriquet Hong Kong influenza on the basis of the site of its emergence to western attention. Once again, the daily press sounded the alarm with a brief report of a large Hong Kong epidemic in the Times of London. A decade after the 1957 pandemic, epidemiologic communication with mainland China was even less efficient than it had been earlier.

HIV/AIDS Pandemic 1981- Present