COVID-19 Terminology – Amrit on WordPress

2003 SARS Outbreak

2012 MERS Outbreak

2019-nCoV : 2019 novel Coronavirus (Now Known as SARS-CoV-2)

The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2.

Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.

Nat Microbiol. 2020 Apr;5(4):536-544. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. Epub 2020 Mar 2. Collaborators (17)

3CLpro : 3C-Like Protease Inhibitors

ACE-2 : Angiotensin Converting Enzyme -2

ARDS – Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ACE-2 based Peptides

Antibiotic Therapy

Antiviral Drugs

Basic Reproduction Number (R0)

Biomarkers

CBC – Complete Blood Count

CDC – Centre for Disease Control and Prevention

cDNA – Complementary DNA

CDR – Complemetarity Determining Region

CEBM – Centre for Evidence Based Medicine

CFR – Case Fatality Rate

CFR is the ratio of the number of deaths divided by the number of confirmed (preferably by nucleic acid testing) cases of disease.

CoV – Coronaviruses

Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense, single stranded
RNA viruses, capable of rapid mutation and recombination. alpha and Beta coronaviruses have their gene source from bats and are mainly found in mammals such as bats, rodents, civets, and humans;

alpha Coronaoviruses
beta coronaviruses
gamma coronaviruses
delta cronaviruses

COVID-19 : Coronavirus disease 2019

CRISPR – Clustered Regularly Interspaced short Palindromic Repeats

CRP : C-Reactive Protein

CRRT – Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

CTD : C-Terminal Domain

Chloroquine

Clinical Trials

Comorbidities

Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertension
COPD
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Liver Diseases
Malignancy

Corticosteroids

DNA

Diagnosis

Molecular and antibody point-of-care tests to support the screening, diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 CEBM Link

DNA Synthesis Inhibitors

Dyspnea

EC – Effective Concentration (EC50 and EC90)

ECM0 – Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

EP – Exceedence Probability

Ebola

ELISA – Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Envelope Protein (E Proteins)

Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge – Schoeman and Fielding Virology Journal (2019)

Epidemic

GGO – Ground Glass Opacity (Chest CT)

Gene Silencing

Genome

HFNC – High Flow Nasal Canula

HIPAA – Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (US)

HIV/AIDS : Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

HR1 and HR2 – Heptad Repeat – 1 and -2 respectively

Helical Symmetry

Hydroxychloroquine –

Anti Malaria drug that has been found to be effective in some cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.. Donald Trump had asked Narendra Modi to supply it to US..

ICMR – Indian Council of Medical Research

ICTV – Interntional Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses

IFR – Infection Fatality Rate

IFR is the ratio of deaths divided by the number of actual infections

IHME – Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

IHR – International Health Regulation

Icosahedral Symmetry

Infection

Influenza A Pandemic (2009)

LDH – Lactate Dehydrogenase

LMICs – Low and Middle Income Countries

LTRI – Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

Lopinavir

Lymphopenia

MERS – Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

MOHFW – Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Membrane or M Proteins

Molecular Biology – How Viruses Work

How Viruses work – Molecular Biology

Morbidity

Mortality

NCATS – National Centre for Advancing Translational Sciences

NCI – National Cancer Institute

NIAID – National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

NIBIB – National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering

NIH – National Institute of Health

NIV – National Institute of Virology

NTD : N-Terminal Domain

Neoteryx

A firm proving at Home blood collection kits

Neuraminidase Inhibitors

Nucleocapsid (N Proteins)

Nucleoside Analogues

Oxygen Therapy

PCR – Polymrase Chain Reaction

PHEIC – Public Health Emergency of International Concern

PPE – Personal protection Equipment

Pandemic :

A pandemic is defined as “an epidemic occurring over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of people”

Pathogens

Pneumonia

Preventive Measures

Social Distancing
Quarantine
Washing Hands frequently
Use of alcohol based Sanitizers
Covering face while sneezing and Coughing
Lockdown
Curfew
National Emergency

RBD – Receptor Binding Domain

RdRp – RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase

RSV – Respiratory Synctial Virus

RT-PCR : Reverse Transcriptase – Polymerase Chain Reaction

Real-Time RT-PCR

Remdesivir

Retroviruses

Reverse Transcriptase

Ritonavir

RNA Interference

RNA Recombination

RNA Viruses (see also Retroviruses)

SARS – Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SARS-CoV-2

virus is a novel betacoronavirus belonging to the lineage B or subgenus sarbecovirus, which also includes the human SARS coronavirus, with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus, pointing to bat as the natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract.

SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Antigen Reagents

Samples

Respiratory Swabs
Nasopharyngeal Swab
Oropharyngeal Swab
Sputum
Urine
Stool
Serum, or Plasma
Endotracheal aspirate
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Notes : Comparison of Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs for the Diagnosis of Eight Respiratory Viruses by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays
Video : Respiratory Swabs

Respiratory Swabs

Sanitizer

Sepsis

Social Distancing and Self-Isolation

Spark Risk

Spread Risk

Structural Proteins

Structural proteins are the “building blocks” used in construction of the protective protein capsule or “capsid” that, in combination, constitute viral particles.The coronaviral genome encodes four major structural proteins: the spike (S) protein, nucleocapsid (N) protein, membrane (M) protein, and the envelope (E) protein, all of which are required to produce a structurally complete viral particle

Spike Proteins (S Proteins)

Swine Flu Virus

Symptoms

Fever
Dry Cough
Myalgia/fatigue
Difficulty in Breathing
Nasal Congestion
Headache
Rhinorrohea
Sneezing
Sore Throat
pleuritic chest pain
Diarrhoea
Nausea/Vomitting

Testing

Radiology : Chest Radiographs and Computed Tomography Scans
Hematology
Microbiology
Biochemistry
Real-Time RT-PCR Assay – QuantiNova SYBR Green RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen)
Respiratory and diarrhoeal pathogen detection
Respiratoy Synctial Virus Assay – GeneExpert Systems
Conventional RT-PCR and Sequencing – SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase
Genomic Sequencing – ABI Genetic Anayser (Applied Biosystems)

Vaccines

Inactivated vaccine, recombinant subunits vaccine, nucleic acid-based vaccine, adenoviral vector vaccine, recombinant influenza viral vector vaccine, etc

Ref. Pang J. etal Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccines and therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 9

Ventilation

The Surprisingly Long History of the Ventilator, the Machine You Never Want to Need – Time Magazine

Viral Pneumonia

Viral Replication

Virion

Virology

Virulence

Virus

Coronaviruses
SARS-CoV-2
Beta-Coronaviruses
SS-RNA Viruses
Phylogenetic tree